张中孚 (生卒年月不详)，南宋、金国将领。字信甫。镇戎军张义堡 (今宁夏固原原州区张易镇)人。父亲张达，官至宋朝太师，封庆国公。张中孚凭借父荫，由承节郎身份进入仕途。后来在吴玠、张浚指挥下参加抗金战争，立功授知镇戎军兼安抚使。宋建炎四年，即金天会八年 (1130)，金兵攻入西北地区，张中孚在大势所趋的情况下，率部降金，被任命为泾原路经略安抚使。此时，西北地区归金人扶立为伪齐国皇帝刘豫统治，刘豫是个贪财无耻之徒，乘机以伪齐国号召天下，实行十抽一税法，赋敛繁苛，搜刮民财。张中孚看到泾原路本来就是地瘠民穷的地方，加之连年战乱的浩劫，已经是民不聊生，因此他拒不执行刘豫的政令。刘豫横暴淫威，残害忠良，人们都为张中孚抵制刘的政令而担心，而他为民着想，不计个人的安危。不久伪齐国垮台，泾原路人民免遭一场聚敛贪狠的人患，各界人士对张中孚非常感激。

宋绍兴九年 (1139)，金国与宋国达成议和协议，将占领的河南、陕西土地归还宋朝，张中孚也随土地被交回到宋廷，任检校少傅。不久，金军再次重新夺取河南、陕西等地，张中孚又被金国点名要回，初任金国开封行台兵部尚书，改任行台尚书省事。金贞元元年 (1153)，升尚书左丞，封南阳郡王。贞元三年 (1155)，张中孚以病为由要求告老还乡，金廷仍要他担任济南尹，加开府仪同三司，封宿王。负责南京留守，进封崇王。后病故在任上，享年五十九岁。

张中彦 (生卒年月不详)，南宋、金国将领。字才甫。张中孚胞弟。文武兼备，多才多艺。北宋时也因父荫而少年得志，先后担任泾原副将，知德顺军事。宋建炎四年(1130)，与其兄泾原路统制张中孚、镇戎军知事李彦琦一同降金。在参加金军征伐熙、河、阶、成等州的一系列战斗中有功，授彰武军承宣使，由本路兵马钤辖升为都总管。以后又代替李彦琦为秦凤经略使。金天会末年 (1137)，任凤翔经略使。金天眷初年 (1138)，金以河南、陕西地归还南宋，张中彦与兄张中孚一起回归宋廷，被留在宋京临安(今浙江杭州)。历任龙神卫四厢都指挥使、清远军承宣使、提举佑神观、靖海军节度使。金皇统年间 (1141～1148)，金兵再次占领河南、陕西等地区，兄弟二人又被金廷提名索回，先后担任金国静难军节度使、彰化军节度使、凤翔尹、庆阳尹兼泾原路兵马都总管和宁州刺史。

金大定四年款的胜寨铜印

Bronze Stamp Made in the Fourth Year of Dading Reign in the Jinbr>Dynasty

张中彦精通土木工程技术，造诣很高。金正隆三年(1158)，金国海陵王要大兴土木营建汴京 (今河南开封)新宫殿，张中彦自告奋勇，在六盘山的原始森林中 “构崖架壑，起长桥十数里，以车运木，若行平地，开六盘山、水洛之路，遂通汴梁” 。次年二月，张中彦在黄河上架设浮桥，打造大船，为从黄河水路向汴京运送巨木做准备工作。他亲自制作船模，“长仅数寸，不用胶漆而首尾以卯自相钩带，称为 ‘鼓子卯’ ，诸匠骇服，仿照制造” 。船只造好以后，如何把巨木运到船上一时难倒了大家。他却又想出一个巧妙的方法，即在船旁的河岸边，先铺土为斜坡，上面厚厚地铺上新收割的秫秆，用大木固定好，泼上水，乘早晨冰霜冻结之时，顺利地把巨木滑到船上，省工省力，圆满完成了运送木材的任务。

金大定年间(1161～1189) ，张中彦病故于熙秦路兵马都总管任上，享年七十五岁。史家对张中孚、张中彦兄弟有所评论，认为他兄弟二人身为 “宋大臣之子，父战没于金” ，却甘心给金称臣，又给金国儿皇帝的齐王刘豫称臣。南宋收回陕西地，又回南宋做官。后来金又夺回陕西，再把兄弟俩索要回金国，再 “比肩臣金，若趋市然，唯利所在……岂复知所谓纲常也哉” 。

Zhang Zhongfu (the dates of his birth and death unclear)，who styled himself asXinfu was the general of South Song Dynasty and Jin Kingdom. His hometown was in Zheng Rong Prefecure Zhang Yi Pu (present-day Zhangyitownship in Yuanzhou District in Guyuan city of Ningxia Autonomous Region). His father，Zhang Da，was the Taishi (official title) of the Song Dynasty and was conferred Qingguogong (official title).Benefiting from the protection by his father，Zhang Zhongfu's official career began from Chengjielang (official title). Later，under the command of Wujie and Zhangjun，he took part in the anti-Jin War and was conferred to be responsible for the administration of Zhengrong Prefecture，being concurrently Anfushi (official title). In the forth year of Jian Yan age of Song Dynasty and the eighth year of TianHui age of Jin Dynasty(1130)，the soldiers of Jin had access to the NorthWestern area，Zhang Zhongfu and his soldiers surrendered to Jin Army in a general trend. He was conferred JinglueanfuShi(official title). At this time，the North-western area was supported by the king of Jin and was ruled by Liu Yu，the emperor of nonorthodox Qi State. Liu Yu was a very greedy and shameless person，who seized the opportunities to rule all the kingdoms in the name of non-orthodox Qi State，plundering the peasants by implementing the tax laws of Shizhouyi (one out of ten) He collected money from exorbitant taxes and levies and fed on the flesh and blood of the people. Seeing Jingyuan Prefecture was already a barren and war-torn place and themasses there lived in dire poverty，Zhang Zhongfu refused to obey Liu Yu's orders.Because Liu Yu was extremely tyrannical and depotic and had killed many innocent people cruelly，people worried about Zhang Zhongfu's safety for his refusal to take Liu's orders. But Zhang Zhongfu thought mostly about the people and cared very little about his own safety. Not long after the non-orthodox Qi kingdom fell from power and people of Jing Yuanlu avoided suffering from the brutal disasters brought by Liu Yu，therefore people of all walks of life were very grateful to Zhang Zhongfu.

In the ninth year (1139) of Shaoxing age of the Song Dynasty，the Kindoms of Jin and Liao reached an agreement of compromise： the land occupied in Henan，Shannxi was returned to Song court. Zhang Zhongfu was also presented with the land to Song and was conferred Jianjiashaofu (official title). Soon the Jin Army regained Henan and Shannxi and Zhang Zhongfu was taken back by the Jin Kingdom. First he held the post of Xingtaibingbushangshu in Kaifen of the Jin Kingdom.( present-day in Henan Province)，then he held the post of Xingtai Shangshu Shengshi (official title). In the first year (1153) of Zheng Yuan age of the Jin Dynasty he was promoted as Shangshuzuochen and then was conferred the king of Nanyang Prefecture. In the third year of Zhen Yuan age (1155)，Zhang Zhongfu asked to resign to his hometown on the excuse of being ill，but the emperor of Jin court still let him hold the post of the mayor of Jin，being concurrently Yitongsansi，(official title) in Kaifeng. And then he was alsoconferred Suwang (official title)，responsible for the protection of Nanjin. Later he was conferred Chongwang (official title). He passed away at the age of 59 before he retired.

Zhang Zhongyan (the dates of his birth and death unclear) who styled himself Caifu was the general of the Kingdom of the South Song and the Jin Dynasty. As Zhang Zhongfu's brother，he was not only adept with both pen and sword but also very resourceful and versatile. At the time of the North Song Dynasty，having benefited from his father's protection，he had the opportunity to be the vice general of JingYuan，responsible for the affairs of Deshun prefecture. In the fourth year of Tianyan age of Song Dynasty (1130)，Zhang Zhongyan surrendered to Jin together with his brother Zhang Zhongfu，the TongZhi (military title，commander of the army) of Jinyuan Prefecute，Li Yanqi，the Zhishi (official title) of Zhengrong Prefecture. In the series of wars of conquering the administrative divisions such as Xi，He，Jie，Cheng，he rendered meritorious service，so he was conferred Chengxuanshi (official title) of Zhangwu Prefecture and then was promoted as the general manager from Bingmaqingxia (official title). Later，he became the Jinglueshi in Qingfeng in stead of Li Yanqi. In the last year of Tianhui age of Jin Dynasty (1137)，He held the post of Jinglueshi in Fengxiang County. In the first Year of Tian Juan age of the Jin Dynasty，the areas of Henan and Shannxi were returned to the court of the South Song Dynasty by the Kingdom of the Jin. Zhang Zhongyan and his brother returned to the Song imperial court and were left in Songjin of Linan (present-day Hangzhou city of Zhejiang Province). He had ever been in the post of Sixiangweiduzhihuishi (official title) of Longshenwei; Chengxuanshi of Qingyuan prefecture; Tijuyoushenguan; Jiedushi of Jinghai Prefecture. Duing theperiod of Huangtong age of the Jin Dynasty (1141-1148)，the Jin Army occupied Henan，Shaanxi again，the two brothers were called in by the imperial court of Jin and they held such posts as Jiedushi of Jingnan Prefecture in the Kingdom of the Jin;Jiedushi of Zhanghu Prefecture; Yi (official title) of Fengxiang; Yi (official title) of Qingyang，concurrently the general manager responsible for the army and Cishi (official titles) of Ningzhou.

Zhang Zhongyan was very proficient in civil engineering technology and very academic. In the third year of Zhenglong period in Jin Dynasty ，the king in Hailing of the Kingdom of the Jin would construct a new palace in Bianjin (present-day Kaifeng of Henan) in a large scale，Zhang Zhongyan was quite willing to take the trouble to build a long bridge of more than ten miles over the hills and valleys in the primitive forests of Liupanshan，to build road between liupanshan and Shuiluo and then to Bianliang，so that the wood could be transported very easily from Liupanshan to Bianliang. In the February of next year，Zhang Zhongyan built a suspension bridge over the Yellow River and made big ships，preparing to transport large wood to Bianjin through the waterway of the Yellow River. He himself made the model ship which was only several inches long，but the head and tail of the ship were exactly met with mortise and tenon without using any glue and nails. The model ship called "Guzimao" (a kind of technique) was so finely made that the workers appreciated it so much that they made large ships by imitating it. After the ships were made，the headache left was how to move the big wood onto the ships. At this moment a fantastic idea occurred to him again，namely by the side of river bank where the ships were，the earth was spread and aslope was made，and then the newly-harvested stalks were spread on the slope which were fixed with big and strong wood，water being sprayed on it when the fog was frozen in the early morning. Thus the large pieces of wood were rolled onto the ships easily. This method was both time-saving and labor-saving. Consequently the task of transporting wood was satisfactorily fulfilled. During the years of the Da Ding age in the Jin Dynasty (1161-1189)，Zhang Zhongyan passed away when he was still in the post of the general manager responsible for the army of Xiqin prefecture at the age of 75years old. The historians commented the two brothers Zhang Zhongfu and Zhang Zhongyan like this： "They are the sons of the cabinet minister of the Song Dynasty and their father died in the anti-Jin War"，but they were willing to submit to both Jin and Liu Yu，the king of non-orthodox Kingdom of Qi，the puppet of the Jin Kingdom.They returned to the court of the South Song Dynasty and became officials after the Kingdom of South Song took back the area of Shannxi area. Later，the Kingdom of the Jin took back Shannxi again and called in the two brothers back and again the two brothers submitted to court of the Jin shoulder to shoulder in a unchangeabe trend，only in this way could they save themselves and their power. But how could they know their behaviors had violated so called Gangchang (the imperia laws and moral code that a high official should be loyal)?" Ⓔ

本文地址： https://www.yishiweijian.com/renwu/2022123826.html

文章来源：主编

版权声明：除非特别标注，否则均为本站原创文章，转载时请以链接形式注明文章出处。